Browsed by
Category: South America

History Timeline of Peru

History Timeline of Peru

According to a2zdirectory, the history of Peru is a rich and complex tapestry that spans thousands of years, encompassing indigenous civilizations, Spanish conquest, colonial rule, and a struggle for independence. This timeline provides an overview of key events in Peru’s history: Pre-Columbian Period (c. 9,000 BCE – 1532 CE): Peru’s history begins with the arrival of indigenous peoples, including the Norte Chico civilization, the Moche, the Nazca, and the Wari, who inhabited the region for thousands of years. The Inca…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Paraguay

History Timeline of Paraguay

According to a2zdirectory, Paraguay’s history is marked by indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonization, conflicts, and political transformations. This timeline provides an overview of key events in Paraguay’s history, from its pre-Columbian roots to the present day: Pre-Columbian Era (Before 16th Century): Paraguay was inhabited by several indigenous peoples, including the Guarani, who had established complex societies with advanced agriculture, pottery, and social structures. The Guarani culture continues to influence Paraguayan identity. Colonization and Jesuit Missions (16th – 18th Century): Spanish explorer…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Suriname

History Timeline of Suriname

According to a2zdirectory, Suriname, located on the northeastern coast of South America, has a complex history shaped by indigenous cultures, European colonization, the transatlantic slave trade, and struggles for independence. Here is a timeline of key events and developments in the history of Suriname: Pre-Colonial Period: Pre-1498: The indigenous Arawak and Carib people inhabited Suriname for centuries before European contact. European Colonization: 1498: Christopher Columbus explored the coast of South America, including what is now Suriname, during his third voyage…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Uruguay

History Timeline of Uruguay

According to a2zdirectory, Uruguay, located in South America, has a rich and complex history that includes indigenous cultures, European colonization, struggles for independence, and periods of political and social change. Here is a timeline highlighting key events and developments in the history of Uruguay: Pre-Columbian Era (Before 1516): Indigenous Peoples: The region of present-day Uruguay was inhabited by various indigenous groups, including the Charrúa and Guarani. These societies had their own languages, cultures, and social structures. Colonial Period (Early 16th…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Venezuela

History Timeline of Venezuela

According to a2zdirectory, Venezuela, located in the northern part of South America, has a rich and complex history that spans thousands of years, from its indigenous peoples to European colonization, independence movements, and modern challenges. Here is a timeline highlighting key events and developments in the history of Venezuela: Pre-Columbian Era (Before 1498): Indigenous Peoples: Venezuela was inhabited by various indigenous groups, including the Carib, Arawak, and Pemon. These societies had their own languages, cultures, and social structures. Colonial Period…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Argentina

History Timeline of Argentina

The history of Argentina is a rich tapestry of indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonization, struggle for independence, political upheaval, and economic transformation. Here is a concise timeline of key events and developments in the history of Argentina: Pre-Columbian Era (Before 16th Century): According to a2zdirectory, Argentina was originally inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the Mapuche, Quechua, and Guaraní. The region’s indigenous cultures had diverse languages, customs, and social structures. The Incas extended their influence into northern Argentina but did not…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Bolivia

History Timeline of Bolivia

The history of Bolivia is a complex tapestry of indigenous cultures, Spanish colonization, political upheavals, and social transformations. Here’s a concise timeline of key events and developments in Bolivia’s history: Pre-Columbian Era (Before 1492): According to a2zdirectory, Bolivia’s territory was inhabited by various indigenous cultures, including the Tiwanaku and Inca civilizations. In the 15th century, the Inca Empire expanded into present-day Bolivia. Spanish Colonization (16th Century): 1532: Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro’s expedition reached the region that is now Bolivia. 1545:…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Brazil

History Timeline of Brazil

The history of Brazil is a multifaceted journey encompassing indigenous cultures, Portuguese colonization, slavery, independence, republicanism, and economic booms. Here is a concise timeline of key events and developments in Brazil’s history: Pre-Colonial Era: Prehistory: According to a2zdirectory, indigenous peoples, including the Tupiniquim, Guarani, and Tupinambá, inhabited Brazil long before the arrival of Europeans. Discovery by Pedro Álvares Cabral (1500): Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral arrived in present-day Brazil on April 22, 1500. He claimed the land for Portugal. Portuguese…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Chile

History Timeline of Chile

Chile’s history is marked by indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonization, independence struggles, and political developments that have shaped the nation’s identity. Here is a condensed timeline of Chile’s history: Pre-Colonial Era: Prehistoric Period: According to a2zdirectory, Chile’s territory has been inhabited for thousands of years. The earliest known inhabitants were hunter-gatherer societies. Mapuche Civilization: The Mapuche people, one of the largest indigenous groups in Chile, established a sophisticated civilization in the central and southern regions. They resisted Spanish colonization for centuries….

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Colombia

History Timeline of Colombia

Colombia, located in the northwestern part of South America, has a history that spans thousands of years, encompassing indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonization, independence struggles, and more recent political and social developments. Here is a condensed timeline of Colombia’s history: Pre-Colonial Era: Prehistoric Period: According to a2zdirectory, the territory of present-day Colombia was inhabited by indigenous groups for thousands of years before European arrival. Notable civilizations included the Muisca and the Tairona in the Andean region, and the Tayrona along the…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Ecuador

History Timeline of Ecuador

Ecuador’s history is marked by a rich tapestry of indigenous civilizations, Spanish colonization, battles for independence, and political turmoil. This timeline provides an overview of the key events and developments that have shaped the nation from pre-Columbian times to the present day. Pre-Columbian Era (Before 15th Century): According to a2zdirectory, Ecuador’s coastal and Andean regions were inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the Quitu-Cara, the Canari, and the Cañari. In the Sierra region, the Inca Empire expanded its territory into…

Read More Read More

History Timeline of Guyana

History Timeline of Guyana

The history of Guyana is a tapestry of indigenous cultures, European colonization, African slavery, indentured labor, and a quest for independence. Located on the northern coast of South America, Guyana’s history reflects its diverse population and a complex journey toward nationhood. Here’s a condensed timeline of key events and eras in the history of Guyana: Pre-Columbian Era (circa 9000 BCE – 1498 CE): According to a2zdirectory, Guyana was inhabited by several indigenous Amerindian tribes, including the Arawak, Carib, and Warao….

Read More Read More

Easter Island, Chile
Sights of Easter Island, Chile

Sights of Easter Island, Chile

According to agooddir, the unusual destination Easter Island belongs to the province of South American Chile in the Valparaíso region. The island has only one city, Hanga Roa, and that is the capital. The Polynesian Easter Island is therefore not easy to reach, as there are no direct flights that way. So you are on your way for a while. But, it’s definitely worth it. Easter Island has been called a mysterious island for many years. The well-known Moai statues…

Read More Read More

Federal University of Paraná (Brazil)
Federal University of Paraná (Brazil)

Federal University of Paraná (Brazil)

Federal University of Parana. It is the oldest Brazilian university, founded on December 19, 1912, initially under the name Universidade do Paraná. UFPR functioned as isolated faculties until 1946 and was federalized in 1951, becoming a public institution and offering free education. Currently the university facilities are located in various points of Curitiba and in other cities of Paraná, in this institution there are 60 undergraduate course options, 124 specialization, 41 master’s and 26 doctorate. There are more than 183…

Read More Read More

National University of Quilmes (Argentina)
National University of Quilmes (Argentina)

National University of Quilmes (Argentina)

National University of Quilmes (UNQ). Public university of Argentina with headquarters in the town of Bernal, in the Buenos Aires district of Quilmes. Its mission is the production, teaching and dissemination of knowledge at the highest level in a climate of equality and plurality. History The UNQ was created on October 23, 1989 by Law No. 23,749 of the National Congress and was normalized on December 12, 1992. The University building was built on land donated by the textile company…

Read More Read More

Colombia Human and Economic Geography 2006
Colombia Human and Economic Geography 2006

Colombia Human and Economic Geography 2006

State located in the northwestern tip of South America. At the census carried out in 1993 the population was equal to 37,664,711 residents, but in the following twelve years it increased by more than a fifth (an estimate of 2005 is reached to 45,600,000 residents). Infant mortality in the period 2000-2005 recorded a value of 26 ‰, furthermore illiteracy has not yet been eradicated (it was 7.5 % in 2005). The urban population is around 76% of the total population,…

Read More Read More

Colombia Economy and Population 2000
Colombia Economy and Population 2000

Colombia Economy and Population 2000

Population During the nineties, Colombia has made significant progress in the process of consolidating its economy and similar progress has been made in the social sphere, even if on this front there is still a long way to go. Although it falls into the category that the UN – by virtue of the good performance of socio-demographic indicators – defines “high human development”, it has a modest per capita income. The new course of economic policy, launched at the turn…

Read More Read More

Colombia Literature
Colombia Literature

Colombia Literature

In Colombia, as in other Latin American countries, the literary history opens with the chronicles of the conquest and the descriptions of life in the new colony. The best example is El carnero (1636) by J. Rodríguez Freile, a narration halfway between the historical document and the picaresque novel. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, the struggle for independence pushed literary production towards writings intended to support the new political and spiritual trends of the nation, such as the works…

Read More Read More

Chile Under Spanish Rule
Chile Under Spanish Rule

Chile Under Spanish Rule

The Spanish conquest of Chile was much more eventful and tiring than it had been in the other South American regions; which could never be said to be completely safe and peaceful, still for two centuries after the first settlement, due to the struggle against the Araucani, a salient fact of the colonial period in Chile. Even the very beginning of the Spanish penetration was not very happy. Diego de Almagro’s expedition (1535-1537) failed, and the impression was such that…

Read More Read More

Chile National and Foreign Trade
Chile National and Foreign Trade

Chile National and Foreign Trade

Internal trade. – The prosperity of the mines, metallurgical workshops and nitrate producing areas has completely renewed the economic life of the town thanks to the association established between the nitrate producing provinces and those with agricultural and pastoral production that feed them. In addition to absorbing the overabundant labor force of central Chile, northern Chile consumes its flours, wines, livestock and fodder. The land of wheat and vineyards thus collects a part of the export value of copper and…

Read More Read More

Chile Mining Products
Chile Mining Products

Chile Mining Products

One of the most conspicuous resources of Chile is given by mineral products, whose value was 1,178,000,000 pesos in 1913, and exceeded two billion in 1929. Of this total, about 55% is given by saltpeter, 35% from copper and less than 10% from all other products combined. This complex is divided as follows: 52.4% to the province of Antofagasta; 23.4% to the province of Tarapacá; 1.4% to the province of Colchagua; 6.4% to the province of Atacama; 2.7% to the…

Read More Read More

Chile Indigenous People
Chile Indigenous People

Chile Indigenous People

According to simplyyellowpages, the remains of the ancient indigenous population today gravitate mainly in the central and southern region of the country, south of the Bío-Bío river, gradually descending to the canals of Tierra del Fuego. However, it would be difficult, starting from the current one, to reconstruct the disposition of the ethnic groups as it was at the time of the Spanish conquest. Thus also the cultural heritage of the indigenous people, as it is today, bears the traces…

Read More Read More

Chile Geology
Chile Geology and Morphology

Chile Geology and Morphology

As a whole, Chile, an essentially mountainous country, consists of the western side of the Andes, a series of secondary reliefs parallel to the coast and a series of longitudinal furrows between the latter and the Andes. A first division, based on the climatic characteristics, which will be discussed later, allows us to distinguish: northern Chile with very little rainfall and sometimes presenting a desert aspect; Central Chile, a land of temperate crops, and southern Chile, cold and humid, covered…

Read More Read More

Chile Geography and Population
Chile Geography and Population

Chile Geography and Population

Chile State of South America. It borders to the North with Peru, to the East with Bolivia and Argentina ; to the S and to the West it is bathed by the Pacific Ocean. The territory stretches for approximately 4200 km in the sense of latitude and does not exceed 400 km in the sense of longitude, giving an extremely developed perimeter with respect to the enclosed surface, and generating a significant amount of problems (communications, defense). Physical characters The…

Read More Read More

Chile Ethnography
Chile Ethnography

Chile Ethnography

Under no circumstances, then, would the idea of ​​Latcham, of an original origin of the Araucanians from Argentina, be acceptable; more simply, it is a more or less profound acculturation carried out by way of osmosis through the Andean passes through an intensive nomadism, which has created real communicating compartments (e.g., the Chilean province of Cautín homogeneous to the Argentine Neuquén). But as for the substantial determinants, the Araucan heritage (wooden sculpture, exposure of the corpse on elevated frames and…

Read More Read More

Chile Population
Chile Demographics, Distribution and Population Density

Chile Demographics, Distribution and Population Density

Until 1928 the republic of Chile was divided into 23 provinces and one territory: the new subdivision introduced in that year reduced the provinces to 16, while the territory of Magellano was divided into two parts (Territorî of Magallanes and Aysen). The surface and population data are shown in this table: It should be noted that even in Chile the smaller territorial areas coincide with the territories of more ancient colonization and more populated, while the larger provinces are located…

Read More Read More

Chile Arts and Music
Chile Arts and Music

Chile Arts and Music

ARCHITECTURE AND ART The remains of the cultures of the pre-Columbian period relate, in particular, to the culture of El Molle and the more elaborate ones of the Atacameños and Diaguitas. Rare monuments remain from the colonial period. In the 18th century. forms of Bavarian Rococo were introduced in architecture and painting by architects and artists called by Jesuits and in particular by Chile Haymbhausen; the work of the Italian G. Toesca spread a moderate classicism, present until the middle…

Read More Read More

Chile Arts and Literature
Chile Arts and Literature

Chile Arts and Literature

Literature The coup d’état of 1973 marks, also from the literary point of view, a profound imbalance between the rich production that preceded it and the subsequent one, which has to deal with the strong cultural repression responsible for a limited intellectual growth within of the country. To this must be added the impressive exodus of writers, a phenomenon which, in addition to preventing the drawing of a unitary picture of Chilean literature of the last twenty years, produces a…

Read More Read More

Chile Agriculture
Chile Agriculture and Forestry

Chile Agriculture and Forestry

Breeding. – Livestock breeding, which was the main industry of the country until the middle of the last century, still retains its importance today. According to the latest censuses, the Chilean livestock herd would be made up of about 2,000,000 cattle, four and a half million sheep, 500,000 horses (including llamas) and 300,000 pigs. According to Smber, cattle spend their life outdoors. There are wintering areas and summer grazing areas. Up to 36 ° latitude, the migration of animals that…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Industries
Venezuela Economy: Industries and Mineral Resources

Venezuela Economy: Industries and Mineral Resources

The government policy of marked incentives for the industrial sector, from which the possibility of freeing the country from excessive dependence on oil is particularly expected, has already given some good results. However, despite the standards being higher than in Latin America, productivity is low and industries cannot compete in the market. In addition to the aforementioned steel and petrochemical plants (the main refineries are located in Amuay, Cardón, San Lorenzo, Bajo Grande, Barinas, El Calvario, Morón and Puerto La…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Tourism
Venezuela Economy: Trade, Communications and Tourism

Venezuela Economy: Trade, Communications and Tourism

Within the various states, courts of first and second instance are active. The defense of the state is organized in the three traditional forces: army, navy (which includes the Coast Guard) and air force. There is also a National Guard. The military service is compulsory and lasts 30 months; the draft can be carried out, even on a voluntary basis, from the age of 18.The school system, reformed by the Chavez presidency, it is taught in private and public schools…

Read More Read More

Venezuela History 3
Venezuela History Part III

Venezuela History Part III

The executive was given the power to dissolve Parliament, while the task of overseeing internal promotions to the armed forces, previously attributed to the Senate, was attributed to the president. Furthermore, the new Constitution restored to the military the right to vote and abolished the draft, replaced by a professional army and a civil service, the ownership of the oil industry passed to the State and finally Spanish, the official language, was joined by the recognition of indigenous languages. According…

Read More Read More

Venezuela History 2
Venezuela History Part II

Venezuela History Part II

Gómez’s successor (1935) was General Eleazar López Contreras: moderate, he allowed the opposition to organize, authorizing the creation of the National Democratic Party, later renamed Democratic Action. In 1941 Isaías Medina Angarita ascended to the presidency, which aligned the country with the United States against the Axis and Japan. Meanwhile, opposition to internal authoritarianism grew: in 1945 Democratic Action led a revolt thanks to which he obtained elections by universal suffrage; two years later the writer Rómulo Gallegos, who carried…

Read More Read More

Venezuela History 1
Venezuela History Part I

Venezuela History Part I

The first human settlements date back to ca. 15,000 years a. C. The residents, divided into tribes, were devoted to hunting and fishing. Christopher Columbus landed there in 1498; but the first stable nuclei of conquistadors were formed after 1512. In 1528 the Spanish Juan de Ampíes founded Coro, from which a colonization remained unique in South American history: it was the expeditions organized by German groups, dependent on the financial institutions of the Welser, of the Ehinger and Sayler,…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Culture
Venezuela Culture and Traditions

Venezuela Culture and Traditions

A former Spanish possession, independent since 1821, Venezuela is a presidential federal republic; it includes 23 states, each with its own legislative assembly and governor, a Federal District that houses the capital, and various Federal Dependencies, consisting of some islands of the Antillean Sea, which depend directly on the central government. According to the Constitution of 15 December 1999 (which amends the 1961 Text), executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic, elected by universal and direct suffrage…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Population
Venezuela Population

Venezuela Population

TERRITORY: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. THE POPULATION At the time of the Spanish conquest, in the 16th century, according to directoryaah, Venezuela was sparsely populated by Amerindian groups of fairly recent immigration, the Arawaks and the Caribs., settled along the coast, peoples who never reached remarkable levels of civilization and did not even know how to give life to a state entity of a certain size and consistency. The indigenous element failed to offer a valid resistance to the mixing and penetration…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Literature
Venezuela Literature Part I

Venezuela Literature Part I

The country appears devoid of a real colonial culture until the eighteenth century; the first document of a local literature is José Oviedo y Baños’s History of the conquest and population of the province of Venezuela (1671-ca. 1738). The transformation of the Seminary of Caracas into a royal and pontifical university (1725) started a first cultural development which in the second half of the century. XVIII became more consistent. This allows us to understand how Venezuela was able to give…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Arts
Venezuela Arts and Music

Venezuela Arts and Music

CULTURE: ART The flowering of ceramics in the pre-Columbian period was intense; the oldest terracotta is the one known by the name of saladero, very simple, red with white decorations, while the one found in the Barrancas area has a stylized decoration, limited to the edges, and figures of birds, human or animal heads usually rendered by engraving. Different is the pottery of the area of ​​the lake of Valencia, which presents funerary vases in red or gray earth, sometimes…

Read More Read More

Venezuela Theater
Venezuela Theater and Cinema

Venezuela Theater and Cinema

(República Bolivariana de Venezuela). State of South America (916,445 km²). Capital: Caracas. Administrative division: States (23), Federal District (1), Federal Dependencies. Population: 28.946.101 residents (2011). Language: Spanish. Religion: Catholics 84.5%, Protestants 4%, others 11.5%. Monetary unit: bolívar (100 cents). Human Development Index: 0.764 (67th place). Borders: Antillean Sea and Atlantic Ocean (N), Guyana (E), Brazil (S), Colombia (W). Member of: Mercosur, OAS, UN, OPEC and WTO. CULTURE: THEATER According to 800zipcodes, the history of the Venezuelan theater actually begins in…

Read More Read More

Semester Abroad in Argentina
Semester Abroad in Argentina

Semester Abroad in Argentina

Reasons for a semester abroad in Argentina Studying at a high level The country’s education system enjoys a very good international reputation. Higher education traditionally has a special place in the South American country featured by agooddir. Many universities and courses are known for their high level. The private universities in particular stand for very good teaching and an excellent supervisory relationship. Semester programs for international students Some Argentine universities offer special academic semester programs for international students. These make…

Read More Read More